When we use Transport Layer Security (TLS), we typically do so to protect our data while transmitting it over the network and to ensure that our users are connecting to the right server. These two operations, i.e., data-in-transit encryption and server authentication, rely on a TLS artifact known as the server certificate. That being said, TLS also supports another operation that uses a different type of digital certificate. It's called client certificate authentication, and it relies on client certificates.

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Overview

Client certificate authentication is very suitable for highly secure HTTPS connections. But for this type of authentication to work, the server must be configured for it, and a client certificate must be loaded onto a client application. In this post, we'll focus on the client side. More specifically, we'll talk about how you can import a client certificate to Firefox.

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